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A Acid Dip See Dip Solutions, Bright Dip. Admiralty (Copper Alloy No. 442) See Copper Alloy. Admiralty, Inhibited (Copper Alloy Nos. 443 to 445 incI.) See Copper Alloy. Age Hardening A process of increasing the hardness and strength by the precipitation of particles of a phase from a supersaturated solid solution alloy. The hardening cycle usually consists of heating or annealing at a temperature sufficiently high to maintain solid solution, rapid cooling or quenching to retain the supersaturated solid solution, and subsequent heating at a temperature lower than the solution anneal to effect the precipitation. Alloy A substance having metallic properties and composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. Alpha The name of a phase or of a certain range of copper alloys which contain one or more alloying elements dissolved in copper, the phase being a homogeneous solid solution. Alpha-Beta Brass A series of copper-zinc alloys containing approximately 55 to 63% copper and the remainder mostly, if not all, zinc and composed of crystals or grains of both the alpha and the beta phases. Aluminum Brass (Copper Alloy No. 687) See Copper Alloy. Aluminum Bronze (Copper Alloy Nos. 606 to 644 incl.) See Copper Alloy. Angle A shape consisting of two straight legs meeting in a right angle, usually but not necessarily of equal length and with a sharp or slightly rounded corner and with or without fillets. See Figure 1.  Figure 1Annealed Temper See Temper. Annealing A process involving heating and cooling designed to effect: (1) softening of a cold-worked structure by recrystallization or grain growth or both; (2) softening of an age-hardened alloy by causing a nearly complete precipitation of the second phase in relatively coarse form; (3) softening of certain age-hardenable alloys by dissolving the second phase and cooling rapidly enough to obtain a supersaturated solution; (4) relief of residual stress. Annular Ring See Circular Ring. Anode (1) In corrosion processes, usually the metal that has the greater tendency to dissolve. (2) In electroplating, the positive electrode used in a plating bath. A.N.S.I. American National Standards Institute, Inc. Anvil Effect In an indentation hardness test, the bulge formed on the anvil side of the specimen which indicates that the hardness determination is of questionable accuracy. Applied Stress See Stress. Arbor A cylindrical core around which metal is wound to obtain a desired inside diameter of the wound coil or roll. See Figure 2.  Figure 2 Architectural Bronze (Copper Alloy No 385) See Copper Alloy. Area Reduction The decrease in cross-section of a product by rolling or drawing. This is a measure of the temper of metal in the cold worked condition. Arsenical Tough Pitch Copper (Copper No. 141) See Copper. As-Extruded A condition of a metal mill product resulting from hot extrusion; soft, not cleaned nor drawn or rolled to size. See Extrusion. As-Hot-Rolled A condition of a metal mill product resulting from hot rolling: soft, not cleaned nor drawn or rolled to size. ASTM Abbreviation for American Society for Testing and Materials. Automotive Service Tube See Tube. AWS Abbreviation for American Welding Society. B Bar A solid rectangular section, or one with two plane parallel surfaces and round or other simple regularly shaped edges, up to and including 12 in. in width and over .188 in. in thickness. See TERMINOLOGY Section, page 1, table 1, and TOLERANCE Section, pages 1 through 10 inclusive. 1. Bar, Bus Stock — High conductivity copper bar stock of any dimension intended for use as an electrical conductor. See TOLERANCE Section, page 7. 2. Bar, Cast — Flat castings for rolling into sheet and strip, or round castings for rolling and drawing into wire. 3. Bar, Commutator Segment Stock — See Commutator Segment Stock Bar. 4. Bar, Wire — A long rectangular cast copper or copper alloy bar with tapered ends, used for hot rolling into rod and wire. Barrel Plating A method of plating small parts in which the parts are placed in a perforated barrel, which revolves partially submerged in a plating solution. Barrel Rolling or Tumbling A method of polishing small parts in which the parts and a polishing medium are placed in a barrel, the polishing action resulting from the revolving of the barrel. Beading The process of forming a lip or groove around the body of a shell by means of suitably shaped interior and exterior rolls. Bend Test See Tests. Beryllium Copper (Copper Alloy Nos. 170, 172, and 175) See Copper Alloy — Copper Beryllium. Beta The name of a second phase in the internal structure of certain copper alloys, generally harder and less ductile than the alpha phase. The beta phase renders the alloy more ductile when hot and less ductile when cold. Bichromate Dipped Finish See Finish. Billet A solid cylindrical casting used for hot extrusion into rod, bar, tube, or shape or for hot piercing into tube. Bimetal Tube See Tube. Blank A piece from any wrought product intended for subsequent fabrication by such operations as forming, bending, cupping, drawing, hot pressing. Blanking The process of cutting metal blanks by a die and punch set in a press, or by sawing or shearing. Blister A void in, or raised spot on the surface of a metal, caused by expansion of entrapped gas in the metal. Bourdon Gage Tube See Tube. Bow This term is not recommended. Use instead the term “Edgewise Curvature”. Brass Any copper alloy with zinc as the principal alloying element, with or without small quantities of some other elements. Brazed Tube See Tube. Braze Welding A method of welding whereby a groove, fillet, plug or slot weld is made using a non-ferrous filler metal having a melting point below that of the base metals but above 800 F. The filler metal is not distributed in the joint by capillary attraction. (The term “Bronze Welding”, formerly used, is a misnomer for this process.) Brazing A joining process wherein coalescence is produced by heating to suitable temperatures above 800 F. and by using a non-ferrous filler metal having a melting point below that of the base metals. The filler metal is distributed between the closely fitted surfaces of the joint by capillary attraction. See also Soldering. Brazing Filler Metal Wire, rod, strip or powder which is manufactured to special chemical composition for use in joining metals by brazing. See ASTM B 260. (AWS A5.8.) Brazing Rod See Brazing Filler Metal. Brazing Wire See Brazing Filler Metal. Bridge Plate A low-friction plate of a copper alloy used to provide bearing for expansion end of trussed bridge structures. Bright-Annealed Finish See Finish. Bright Dip See Dip Solution. Bright-Dipped Finish See Finish. Bright-Rolled Finish See Finish. Brinell Hardness See Tests. Bronze Originally a term for copper alloys having tin as the only or principal alloying element. In modern usage the term “Bronze” is seldom used alone, and the terms “Phosphor Bronze” or “Tin Bronze” is used for indicating copper-tin alloys. In fact, the term “Bronze,” together with a suitable modifying adjective has in recent years been extended to apply to any of a great variety of copper alloys. (See Copper Alloy.) Brush Brass Finish See Finish. Buck A device on which flat wire and strip are wound to facilitate handling and shipping. See Figure 3, below.  Figure 3 Buckle Alternate bulges and hollows recurring along the length of a flat product with the edges remaining relatively flat. See Figure 4, below.  Figure 4 Buffed-Surface Finish See Finish. Buffing The finishing of metal surfaces by rubbing with a compound applied to the pliable rim of a wheel usually consisting of a large number of treated or untreated muslin discs sewed together, and which rotates at high speed. Coloring and cutting are two types of buffing procedures. Bulging The expanding of a portion of the body of a drawn shell below the top or neck. Bull Ring Rod Copper rod manufactured to special surface requirements; furnished in coils for redrawing or rerolling. Bull Rod A term sometimes used for Redraw Rod. See Redraw Rod. Bunch Coil See Coil. Burnishing A fabrication method of securing a smooth finished surface by slight deformation with highly polished tools. Burr The thin ridge or rough-ness left by a cutting oper-ation such as slitting, shearing, blanking, or sawing. See Figure 5 below. Exaggerated for Illustration.  Figure
5Bursting Pressure The internal pressure required to burst tubes or other hollow products. Bus Bar and Bus Conductor Rigid, high conductivity copper Bus Conductor Stock A bar, rod, shape, or tube of high conductivity copper used for manufacture of bus conductor or bus bar. Butt Seam Tube See Tube, Open Seam Tube. |
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