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C Cake A cast shape, rectangular in cross-section, for rolling. Camber This term not recommended. See “Edgewise Curvature”. Capacitor Plate Stock Strip manufactured to special flatness and thickness tolerances for use in electrical variable condensers. Capillary Tube See Tube. Carbon Arc Welding See Welding. Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260) See Copper Alloy. Cast Shell Process A process for making seamless brass tube whereby the brass is cast in the form of a shell or tube and subsequently reduced to the finished size by a series of suitable alternate cold drawing and annealing operations. Casting An article formed by solidification of molten metal in a mold. Cathode (1) In corrosion processes, usually the metal that is not corroded. (2) See also under Copper. Cathode Copper See Copper. Cathodic Protection Reduction or prevention of corrosion of a metal surface by making it a cathode, for example by the use of sacrificial anodes or impressed currents. Cavitation See Corrosion, Erosion. CDA Abbreviation for Copper Development Association Inc. Center This term is not recommended. Use instead the term “Crown”. Chamfer The beveled surface normally at a 15° to 45° angle, to break a sharp corner or edge. Channel A shape having two straight Figure flanges or legs of equal length, extended 6 at right angles from same side of the edges of a web or base, the legs and base having sharp or slightly rounded corners and with or without fillets. See Figure 6 above.  Figure 6Chatter Marks A series of transverse ripples encircling a drawn product visible on outer or inner surfaces. Circle A completely round, commercially flat, solid blank made from a flat rolled product. Circular Ring A completely round, commercially flat blank lacking the central concentric area (Sometimes called an Annular Ring). Classification of Products See TERMINOLOGY Section Clean Annealed Finish See Finish Clipping The operation of trimming or cutting off uneven edges of forgings or articles drawn or formed from sheet or strip. Clock Brass (Copper Alloy No. 342) See Copper Alloy. Coalesced Copper (Copper No. 102) See Copper. Coated Wire See Wire, Metallic Coated Wire. Coil A length of a product other than a flat rolled or flat drawn product, wound into a merchantable hoop-like bundle. (1) Bunch Coil – A coil helically wound and subsequently bunched. (The unqualified term “coil” applied to either tube or wire would normally indicate a bunch coil.) See Figures 7 and 8.  Figure 7  Figure 8 (2) Double Layer Flat Coil – A coil in the form of two flat spirally wound layers (applied particularly to copper water tube or refrigeration service tube). (Also called Double Layer Pancake Coil or Double Layer Spirally Wound Coil.) See Figure 9.  Figure 9 (3) Helical Coil – A coil in the form of a regular cylindrical helix. See Figure 10.  Figure 10 (4) Single Layer Flat Coil – A coil in the form of a single flat spirally wound layer (applied particularly to copper water tube or refrigerator service tube). (Also known as Pancake Coil or Single Layer Spirally Wound Coil.) See Figure 11.  Figure 11 Coining A process of impressing images or characters from a die onto plain metal surfaces. Cold Heading See Heading. Cold Rolled Finish See Finish. Cold Rolled Bar, Rod, Shape and Wire Stock brought to final dimensions by cold rolling, regardless of prior operations. Cold Rolling See Rolling. Cold Shortness The characteristic of metals that are brittle at temperatures below the recommended hot working temperature ranges. Cold Shut (1) A discontinuity that appears on the surface of cast metal as a result of two streams of liquid metal meeting and failing to unite. (2) On a forging, a portion of the surface that is separated by oxide from the main body of the metal. See Lap. Cold Side As applied to forging, the temperature range below the optimum hot working temperature. Cold Working The process of changing the form or cross-section of a piece of metal at a temperature below the softening or recrystallization point, but commonly at or about room temperature. It includes rolling, drawing, pressing and stretching. Collapsing Pressure The external hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure required to collapse a tube or other hollow article. Collet Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 342 and 360) See Copper Alloy. Coloring (1) Mechanical—A light final buffing operation using a crocus or lime composition or grease compound on a soft cloth wheel after the article has been cut down or plated. This operation is sometimes called Glossing. See Buffing. (2) Chemical— Process of imparting to a metal surface a color other than its natural one by chemical means. For coloring and other chemical solutions, see CDA publications “Colored Finishes for Copper and Brass,” and “Standard Color-Controlled Copper Alloys with Protective Coatings for Automotive Applications.” Commercial Bronze, 90% (Copper Alloy No. 220) See Copper Alloy. Commutator Segment Stock Bar A bar for use in the making of commutators of electric motors and generators, the cross-section of the bar being a trapezoid or truncated sector or segment of a circle. Concentration Cell Reaction A localized corrosion process electrochemical in character, due to differences in electrical potential between surface areas where a difference exists in the concentration of ions in the medium in contact with the metal surface. Concentricity See Tube Measurement Terms. Condenser Tube See Tube, Heat Exchanger Tube. Condenser Tube Plate Plate manufactured to special thickness tolerances and furnished in various contours as tube sheets or head plates in condensers and heat exchangers. See TOLERANCE Section page 15. Contraction of Area An obsolete term. See Reduction of Area. Copper Commercially Pure Copper — Metal for which the specified minimum copper content is not less than 99.88%, silver being counted as copper. Modified Copper — Metal for which the specified minimum copper content is less than 99.88% and not less than 99.3%, silver being counted as copper. (1) Arsenical, Tough Pitch Copper (Copper No. 141) A modified tough pitch copper containing substantial amounts of arsenic regardless of origin or treatment. (2) Cathode Copper — A commercially pure copper electrolytically refined in cathode form. (3) Coalesced Copper (Copper No. 102) — A commercially pure oxygen-free copper formed in a protective atmosphere at elevated temperature but below its melting point by application of mechanical pressure to particles of electrolytic cathode copper. See ALLOY DATA Section. (4) Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (Copper No. 110) — A commercially pure high conductivity copper of any origin which has been refined by electrolytic deposition, then melted, oxidized and brought to tough pitch or controlled low oxygen content, and finally cast into cakes, billets, wire bars, etc., suitable for hot or cold working, or both. See ALLOY DATA Section. (5) Fire Refined Copper (Copper Nos. 125, 127, 128, 129 and 130) — A commercially pure copper of any origin or type which is finished by furnace refining without at any stage having been electrolytically refined. (6) High Conductivity Copper (Copper Nos. 100 to 116 incI.) — A copper which, in the annealed condition, has a minimum electrical conductivity of 100 percent IACS. (7) Lake Copper (Copper Nos. 113, 114, 115, 116, 125, 127, 128, 129 and 130) — A commercially pure copper from the Lake Superior district generally fire refined and containing variable, but controlled, amounts of silver and arsenic. Such copper of low arsenic content is called Prime Lake Copper, while that of higher arsenic content is called Arsenical Lake Copper — also Low, Medium and High Arsenical Lake Copper. Also see Arsenical Copper and Silver Bearing Copper. See ALLOY DATA Section. (8) Oxygen Free Copper (Copper Nos. 101 and 102) — A commercially pure high conductivity copper which has been produced in such manner as to contain no oxide or residual deoxidants. It has very high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. See ALLOY DATA Section. (9) Oxygen-Free, Silver Bearing Copper (Copper Nos. 104, 105 and 107) — A commercially pure high-conductivity copper containing the designated element (silver) in amounts as agreed upon between the supplier and the consumer for the purpose of raising the softening temperature. (10) Phosphorus Deoxidized Arsenical Copper (Copper No. 142) — A modified deoxidized copper containing the designated element (arsenic) in amounts as agreed upon between the supplier and the consumer mainly for the purpose of increasing corrosion resistance. (11) Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper, High Residual Phosphorus (Copper No. 122)— A commercially pure copper which has been deoxidized with phosphorus, leaving a relatively high residual phosphorus content. It is not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement but is of relatively low electrical conductivity due to the amount of phosphorus present. See ALLOY DATA Section. (12) Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper, Low Residual Phosphorus (Copper No. 120) — A commercially pure copper which has been deoxidized with phosphorus in such a manner as to leave a very low residual phosphorus content. It is not readily susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, and has an electrical conductivity slightly lower than that of high conductivity copper. (13) Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper, Silver Bearing (Copper Alloy Nos. 121 and 123) — A commercially pure deoxidized copper containing the designated element (silver) in amounts as agreed upon between the supplier and the consumer. (14) Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper, Tellurium Bearing (Copper No. 145)— A modified deoxidized copper containing the designated element (tellurium) in amounts as agreed upon between the supplier and the consumer to improve machinability. The electrical conductivity is somewhat lower than that of electrolytic tough pitch copper. (15) Silver Bearing (Argentiferous) Copper (Copper Nos. 104, 105, 107, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 123, 127, 128, 129 and 130) — Any copper containing substantial amounts of silver, regardless of origin or treatment. See ALLOY DATA Section. (16) Silver Bearing Tough Pitch Copper (Copper Nos. 113, 114, 115 and 116) — A commercially pure high conductivity tough pitch copper containing silver in amounts agreed upon between the supplier and the consumer for the purpose of raising the softening temperature. (17) Tough Pitch Copper (Copper Nos. 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130 and 141) — Commercially pure or modified copper, either electrolytically or fire refined, containing a controlled amount of oxygen for the purpose of obtaining a level set in the casting. See ALLOY DATA Section. Copper Alloy Metal for which the specified minimum copper content is less than 99.3% and not less than 40% and having no other element specified in excess of the copper content exception to this definition occurs in the case of copper-nickel-zinc alloys where zinc slightly exceeds the copper content in certain alloys which are commonly designated as copper alloys. (1) Admiralty (Copper Alloy No. 442) — An alloy containing nominally 71% copper; 1% tin and 28% zinc, originally developed by the British Admiralty and generally available in tube, flat products and wire. Its principal use is in heat exchanger and condenser tubes. An inhibitor may be added to increase the resistance to dezincification. See ALLOY DATA Section. (2) Admiralty, Inhibited (Arsenical, Antimonial or Phosphorized) (Copper Alloy Nos. 443 to 445 incl. respectively) — Admiralty modified by the addition of .02 to .10% of arsenic, antimony or phosphorus to inhibit dezincification. See ALLOY DATA Section. (3) Aluminum Brass (Copper Alloy No. 687) — An alloy containing nominally 77.5% copper, 2% aluminum and 20.5% zinc with an inhibitor, available in tube form. Its principal use is in heat exchanger and condenser tubes. See ALLOY DATA Section. (4) Aluminum Bronzes (Copper Alloy Nos. 606-644 incl.) —Copper alloys with aluminum as the principal alloying element, normally in the range of 3 to 11% with or without the additions of other elements. (5) Architectural Bronze (Copper Alloy No. 385) — An alloy containing nominally 57% copper, 3% lead, and 40% zinc, generally available in extruded or drawn shapes and rod; used for architectural trim and for some mechanical applications. The alloy is not technically a bronze but because of long usage the term “Architectural Bronze” has been used. See ALLOY DATA Section. (6) Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260) — An alloy containing nominally 70% copper and 30% zinc and generally available in flat products, rod, wire and tube. See ALLOY DATA Section. (7) Clock Brass (Copper Alloy No. 342)—A term sometimes used to designate High Leaded Brass. It is recommended that this alloy be identified by Copper Alloy No. 342 properly qualified for the specific use. (8) Collet Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 342 and 360) — A term sometimes used, but not recommended. See High-Leaded Brass and Free-Cutting Brass. (9) Commercial Bronze, 90% (Copper Alloy No. 220) — An alloy containing nominally 90% copper and 10% zinc, generally available in flat products, wire, rod and tube. The alloy is not technically a bronze, but because of long usage the term “Commercial Bronze” has been used. See ALLOY DATA Section. (10) Copper-Beryllium Alloy (Copper Alloy Nos. 170, 172 and 175) — A heat-treatable copper alloy containing varying amounts of beryllium and sometimes small amounts of cobalt, nickel and chromium. It is capable of being formed readily when in the soft condition and heat treated to hardnesses approaching those of steel. (11) Copper-Iron Alloy (Copper Alloy Nos. 192, 193 and 194) — Copper Alloys with iron as the principal alloying element with or without the addition of other elements. (12) Copper Nickel (Copper Alloy Nos. 700-720 incl.) — A copper alloy composed of copper and nickel with nickel content up to 40 per cent and with small additions of elements such as iron and manganese. See ALLOY DATA Section. (13) Core Brass — See Copper Alloy — Radiator Core Brass. (14) Deep Drawing Brass, Drawing Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 260 and 268) — Terms sometimes used, but not recommended, to denote non-leaded brasses of nominal copper content ranging from 65 to 70%. See Yellow Brass (Copper Alloy No. 268) and Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260). (15) Engraver’s Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 342 and 356)— A term sometimes used, but not recommended. See High-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy No. 342) and Extra- High-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy No. 356). (16) Etching Brass — A term used to indicate quality of material rather than chemical composition. The term signifies a flat product having unusual freedom from surface defects; very flat and usually of quarter-hard or half-hard temper. (17) Extra-High-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy No. 356) — An alloy containing nominally 63% copper, 2.5% lead, and 34.5% zinc, generally available in flat rolled products, and used for engraving and other operations requiring considerable cutting. See ALLOY DATA Section. (18) Eyelet Brass (Copper Alloy No. 260)— A term sometimes used, but not recommended. See Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260). (19) Forging Brass (Copper Alloy No. 377)— An alloy containing nominally 59% copper, 2% lead, and 39% zinc, generally available in rod, bar, tube and shapes and recommended for fabrication by hot forging and hot pressing. It has excellent machinability, approaching that of free-cutting brass. See ALLOY DATA Section. (20) Free-Cutting Brass (Copper Alloy No. 360) — An alloy containing nominally 61.5% copper, 3% lead and 35.5% zinc, generally available in rod and drawn bar and in extruded shapes. It is the most commonly used alloy for automatic screw machine work, or for other applications where material of maximum machinability is desired. See ALLOY DATA Section. (21) Free-Cutting Muntz Metal (Copper Alloy No. 370) — An alloy containing nominally 60% copper, 1% lead and 39% zinc. Generally available as tube. It is used for automatic screw machine products where maximum machinability is not necessary. See ALLOY DATA Section. (22) Free-Cutting Phosphor Bronze (Copper Alloy No. 544)— An alloy containing nominally 88% copper, 4% tin, 4% zinc and 4% lead, generally available in rod and flat products. See ALLOY DATA Section. (23) Gilding, 95% (Copper Alloy No. 210) — An alloy containing nominally 95% copper, and 5% zinc. This alloy is generally available in flat products, rod and wire. The terms, Commercial Bronze, 95% and Gilding Metal, are not recommended. See ALLOY DATA Section. (24) Hardware Bronze (Copper Alloy Nos. 314 and 320) —See Leaded Commercial Bronze (Copper Alloy No. 314) and Leaded Red Brass (Copper Alloy No. 320). (25) High Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 268 and 270) — A term sometimes used, but not recommended. See “Yellow Brass — (Copper Alloy Nos. 268 and 270)”. (26) High-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 342 and 353) —Alloys containing nominally for 342, 65% copper, 2% lead, and 33% zinc; and for 353, 62% copper, 2% lead, and 36% zinc, generally available in flat products and rod. They are used where easy stamping and machining are desired, as for instance, in clock and watch backs and gears and for engraving. See ALLOY DATA Section. (27) High-Leaded Brass (Tube) (Copper Alloy No. 332) —An alloy containing nominally 66% copper, 1.6% lead, and 32.4% zinc. It is recommended for automatic screw machine operations. See ALLOY DATA Section. (28) Jewelry Bronze, 87.5% (Copper Alloy No. 226) — An alloy containing nominally 87.5% copper and 12.5% zinc having a rich golden color. It is used for costume jewelry, slide fasteners and as a base for gold-filled articles. Variations may contain small amounts of tin. See ALLOY DATA Section. (29) Leaded Commercial Bronze (Copper Alloy No. 314) —An alloy containing nominally 89% copper, 1.75% lead and 9.25% zinc generally available in rod, shapes and bar, and used extensively for hardware. The alloy is not technically a bronze, but because of long usage the term “Leaded Commercial Bronze” has been used. Hardware Bronze is a term formerly used to designate any one of a broad range of similar alloys; this term is not recommended. See ALLOY DATA Section. (30) Leaded Muntz Metal (Copper Alloy No. 365) — An alloy containing nominally 60% copper, .6% lead, and 39.4% zinc generally used for condenser tube plates. See ALLOY DATA Section. (31) Leaded Naval Brass (Copper Alloy No. 485)— An alloy containing nominally 60% copper, .75% tin, 1.75% lead and 37.5% zinc, generally available in rod, shapes and bar. This alloy has the equivalent strength and corrosion resistance of naval brass (Copper Alloy No. 464) pIus considerably improved machinability. See ALLOY DATA Section. (32) Leaded Red Brass (Copper Alloy No. 320) — An alloy containing nominally 85% copper, 2% lead and 13% zinc, generally available in rod and drawn bar. Hardware Bronze is a term formerly used to designate any one of a broad range of similar alloys; this term is not recommended. (33) Low Brass, 80% (Copper Alloy No. 240) — An alloy containing nominally 80% copper and 20% zinc and generally available in flat products, rod and wire. See ALLOY DATA Section. (34) Low-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy No. 335) — An alloy containing nominally 65% copper, .5% lead, and 34.5% zinc, and generally available in flat products. It is widely used for stamping and light drawing operations. See ALLOY DATA Section. (35) Low-Leaded Brass, (Tube) (Copper Alloy No. 330) — An alloy containing nominally 66% copper, .5% lead and 33.5% zinc, and used where a combination of moderate machinability, strength, and ductility is required. See ALLOY DATA Section. (36) Manganese Bronze, (A) (Copper Alloy No. 675) — An alloy containing nominally 58.5% copper, 1% tin, 1.4% iron, .1% manganese and 39% zinc, generally available in rod, flat products, shapes and wire. This alloy is appreciably harder and stronger than naval brass (Copper Alloy No. 464) and is, therefore, preferred to the latter for many structural uses. It is also an excellent brazing alloy. See ALLOY DATA Section. (37) Matrix Brass (Copper Alloy No. 340) — A term sometimes used, but not recommended, for lead-bearing brass suitable for matrices for linotype machines. See “Medium-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy No. 340).” (38) Medium-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy No. 340) — An alloy containing nominally 65% copper, 1% lead, and 34% zinc, generally available in flat products, rod, shapes and wire, and used where a compromise between drawing properties and machinability is necessary. See ALLOY DATA Section. (39) Muntz Metal (Copper Alloy No. 280) — An alloy containing nominally 60% copper and 40% zinc and generally available in flat products, rod, wire and tube. See ALLOY DATA Section. (40) Naval Brass (Copper Alloy No. 464) — An alloy containing nominally 60% copper, .75% tin and 39.25% zinc, generally available in rod, bar, wire, shapes, tube and to some extent in flat products. It is used in marine construction where a strong, hard material is required. See ALLOY DATA Section. (41) Nickel Silver (Copper Alloy Nos. 730-779 incl.) —Copper alloys containing nickel and zinc, formerly sometimes called German Silver. These alloys are primarily used for their distinctive colors which range from yellow to silvery white. (a) Nickel Silver, 65-10 (Copper Alloy No, 745) — An alloy nominally containing 65% copper, 10% nickel and 25% zinc. See ALLOY DATA Section. (b) Nickel Silver, 65-18 (Copper Alloy No. 752) — An alloy nominally containing 65% copper, 18% nickel and 17% zinc. See ALLOY DATA Section. (c) Nickel Silver. 65-15 (Copper Alloy No. 754) — An alloy nominally containing 65% copper, 15% nickel and 20% zinc. See ALLOY DATA Section. (d) Nickel Silver, 65-12 (Copper Alloy No. 757) — An alloy nominally containing 65% copper, 12% nickel and 23% zinc. See ALLOY DATA Section. (e) Nickel Silver, 55-18 (Copper Alloy No. 770) — An alloy nominally containing 55% copper, 18% nickel and 27% zinc. See ALLOY DATA Section. (42) Oreide — A term formerly used, but not recommended, to indicate Copper-Zinc Alloys of reddish gold color having a copper content of approximately 85-90%, sometimes with tin up to about 5%, and the balance zinc. (43) Phosphor Bronzes (Copper Alloy Nos. 500-549 incl.) —Copper alloys with tin as the principal alloying element, deoxidized with phosphorus. Various types are available in flat products, rod, tube, wire and shapes, the most common ones containing nominally 1.25% to 10% tin. (a) Phosphor Bronze, 1.25% (E) (Copper Alloy No. 502) — See ALLOY DATA Section. (b) Phosphor Bronze, 5% (A) (Copper Alloy No. 510) — See ALLOY DATA Section. (c) Phosphor Bronze, 8% (C) (Copper Alloy No. 521) — See ALLOY DATA Section. (d) Phosphor Bronze, 10% (D) (Copper Alloy No. 524) — See ALLOY DATA Section. (e) Free-Cutting Phosphor Bronze (Copper Alloy No. 544) — See ALLOY DATA Section. (44) Platers’ Brass — A term sometimes used, but not recommended, to indicate specific alloys used as anodes for brass plating. These vary in composition from 80 to 90% copper, 10 to 20% zinc, and sometimes 1 to 2% tin. See also Platers’ Bar and Platers’ Core. (45) Primer Brass — A term sometimes used, but not recommended, to denote aspecific alloy used for making primer caps or tubes. Primer caps are made from Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260); Commercial Bronze, 90% (Copper Alloy No. 220); or Gilding, 95% (Copper Alloy No. 210). Primer tubes are made from Low-Leaded (Copper Alloy No. 335) or High-Leaded Brass (Copper Alloy No. 342). See ALLOY DATA Section. (46) Radiator Core Brass — A term used to indicate strip brass or suitable characteristics for forming radiator cores. It is sometimes used, but not recommended, to designate a specific alloy. See ALLOY DATA Section. (47) Red Brass, 85% (Copper Alloy No. 230) — An alloy containing nominally 85% copper and 15% zinc and generally available in flat products, rod, wire and tube. See ALLOY DATA Section. (48) Reflector Brass — A term used to indicate strip brass with suitable characteristics for forming into reflectors. It is sometimes used, but not recommended, to designate a specific alloy, usually Yellow Brass (Copper Alloy No. 268) or Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260) having a small grain size which will take a moderately deep draw and a very high polish. See ALLOY DATA Section. (49) Rich Low Brass (Copper Alloy No. 230) — A term sometimes used, but not recommended, for Red Brass, 85% (Copper Alloy No. 230). See ALLOY DATA Section. (50) Shim Brass — A term used to indicate any thin strip brass for shims or spacers, usually Yellow Brass (Copper Alloy No. 268) or Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260). It is sometimes used, but not recommended, to designate a specific alloy. See ALLOY DATA Section. (51) Silicon Bronze (Copper Alloy Nos. 645 to 664 incl.) —Any copper alloy with silicon as the main alloying element, with or without additions of such elements as zinc, manganese, aluminum, iron or nickel. The more commonly used silicon bronzes are: High-Silicon Bronze. (A), (Copper Alloy No. 655), nominally containing 96% copper and 3% silicon; and Low-Silicon Bronze, (B) (Copper Alloy No. 651), nominally containing 97.7% copper and 1.5% silicon. (a) Low-Silicon Bronze, (B) (Copper Alloy No. 651) — See ALLOY DATA Section. (b) High-Silicon Bronze, (A) (Copper Alloy No. 655) —See ALLOY DATA Section. (52) Spinning Brass — A term used to indicate strip brass of suitable characteristics for spinning, usually Yellow Brass (Copper Alloy No. 268) or Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260). It is sometimes used, but not recommended, to designate a specific alloy. See ALLOY DATA Section. (53) Spring Brass — A term used to designate Copper-Zinc strip or wire in spring or harder tempers. It is sometimes used, but not recommended, to designate a specific alloy. (54) Spring Bronze — A term used to designate Copper-Tin strip, rod or wire in spring or harder tempers. This term is sometimes used, but not recommended, to designate a specific alloy. (55) Tin Bronze — See Copper Alloy — Phosphor Bronze. (56) Trim Bronze — A term used to designate Copper-Zinc strip with a bright finish suitable for architectural trim. It is sometimes used, but not recommended, to designate a specific alloy, most commonly Commercial Bronze, 90% (Copper Alloy No. 220) or Red Brass, 85% (Copper Alloy No. 230). See ALLOY DATA Section. (57) Yellow Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 268 and 270) — An alloy containing nominally 65% copper and 35% zinc and generally available in flat products, wire and rod. See ALLOY DATA Section. (58) 70-30 Brass (Copper Alloy No. 260) — A term sometimes used, but not recommended, for Cartridge Brass, 70% (Copper Alloy No. 260). See ALLOY DATA Section. Copper Anode See Anode. Copper-Beryllium Alloy (Copper Nos. 170, 172 and 175) See Copper Alloy. Copper Drainage Tube See Tube. Copper Foil See Foil. Copper Service Tube See Tube, Copper Water Tube. Copper Water Tube See Tube, Copper Water Tube. Core Brass See Copper Alloy, Radiator Core Brass. Corrosion The deterioration or failure of metals and alloys by chemical or electrochemical processes. (1) Dealuminification — A phenomenon somewhat similar to dezincification involving loss of aluminum. (2) Denickelification — A phenomenon somewhat similar to dezincification involving loss of nickel. (3) Dezincification — Corrosion of an alloy containing zinc (usually brass) involving loss of zinc. (4) Erosion — The abrasion of metal or other material by liquid or gas, usually accelerated by presence of solid particles of matter in suspension, and sometimes by corrosion. a.
Cavitation — The damage caused to a material by a moving liquid and associated with the formation and collapse of cavities
in the liquid at the solid-liquid interface. b.
Impingement Attack — A type of localized corrosion caused by the striking of a liquid, containing entrained gases, on a
metal surface.(5) Stress Corrosion — Spontaneous failure of metals by cracking under combined action of corrosion and stress, residual or applied. See Season Cracking. Corrosion Fatigue The deterioration of properties resulting from repeated stressing of a metal in a corrosive medium. The rate of deterioration is greater than that resulting from either repeated stressing or corrosion alone. Creep The flow or plastic deformation of metals held for long periods of time at stresses lower than the normal yield strength. The effect is particularly important if the temperature of stressing is in the vicinity of the recrystallization temperature of the metal. See also Tests. Crimped Copper Copper in sheets or strips having relatively small transverse corrugations applied subsequent to normal finishing operations to provide for expansion, to increase rigidity or for ornamental purposes. Cross Rolling Rolling at an angle to the long dimension of the metal; usually done to increase width. Crown The variation in thickness across the product from edge to center or edge to edge. See Figure 12. Crown (a-b) Figure 12 Exaggerated for Illustration  Figure 12Cup Test See Tests. Cupro-Nickel An obsolete term. See Copper Alloy, Copper Nickel. Cutting (1) The procedure of bringing a product to desired dimensions by such operations as slitting, shearing, sawing and blanking. (2) As applied to surface finishing — cutting through or removing the surface layer of a metal with, a buffing wheel and suitable abrasive compound usually coarser than that used for buffing. See Buffing. |
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