|
|
|
 |
 |
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
|
F Fatigue The tendency for a metal to break under conditions of repeated cyclic stressing considerably below the ultimate tensile strength. Ferrule Metal ring or collar used in. installation of boiler flues, condenser tubes and similar applications. Filler Metal A metal or alloy which is melted down in a welding or brazing operation to supply metal for the joint. Finish The condition of the surfaces of the products, produced by normal or special mill procedures. Several types of finishes can be produced as follows: (1) Acid Dipped-Dry Rolled Finish — The finish obtained by cold dry rolling on polished rolls of material previously bichromate dipped or bright dipped, giving a burnished appearance and retaining the color obtained by dipping. (2) Bichromate Dipped Finish — A semi-matte finish approaching the true color of the metal, obtained by immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium bichromate and sulfuric acid to remove scale and oxide, using the following formula: Sulfuric acid. 12 oz.; sodium bichromate 4 oz.; water 1 gal. (3) Bright Annealed Finish — The finish obtained by annealing under conditions of controlled atmosphere to prevent oxidation and to retain the original luster of the product. See also Annealing. (4) Bright Dipped Finish — A bright finish having the true color of the metal obtained by immersion in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, using the following formula: Sulfuric acid, 2 gal.; Nitric acid, 1 gal.; Water, 1 to 2 qt.; Hydrochloric acid, ½ fl. oz. (5) Bright Rolled Finish — See Dry Rolled Finish. (6) Brush Brass Finish — A frosted finish obtained on brass by brushing with a Tampico (Bristol brush) wheel treated with brush rouge and rotating at high speeds. (7) Buffed Surface Finish — The finish obtained by buffing with rouge or similar fine abrasive, resulting in a high gloss or polish. This may be applied in one operation or two, commonly known as cutting and coloring operations. (8) Clean Annealed Finish — A finish characterized by a light iridescent film generally obtained on copper alloys which have been annealed in a controlled atmosphere. (9) Cold Rolled Finish — The finish obtained by cold rolling of plain pickled strip with a lubricant; giving a relatively smooth appearance. In the case of sheet or strip, cold rolling may be done without any lubricant, the finish then being similar to that described under Dry Rolled Finish. (10) Dichromate Dipped Finish — See Bichromate Dipped Finish. (11) Drawn Finish — The finish obtained on tube, wire, and drawn rod, bar and strip by drawing through a die resulting in a relatively smooth and bright appearance. (12) Dry Rolled Finish (Bright Rolled Finish) (a) The finish obtained by cold rolling on polished rolls without the use of any coolant or metal lubricant, on material previously
plain pickled, bichromate or bright dipped. (b) The finish obtained by the rolling
or tumbling of brass articles in a barrel with either dry sawdust, leather or scrap cork.
(13) Extruded Finish — The finish obtained on tube, wire, and rod, bar and strip by hot extrusion through a die, resulting in a slightly oxidized and dull appearance. (14) Hot Rolled Finish — The finish obtained by rolling metal while hot resulting in a dark, oxidized and relatively rough surface. (15) Kerosene Rolled Finish — The finish obtained by cold rolling with kerosene as a lubricant, giving a semi-burnished appearance. A similar finish can be obtained by cold rolling with soap or soluble oil. (16) Plain Pickled Finish — The finish obtained by immersion in a sulfuric acid solution. This effectively removes most heavy scale and oxides on yellow brasses, but less effectively on other alloys and will not remove any thin surface films of deposited copper. The color is, therefore, usually duller than that of bright dipped or bichromate dipped material. (17) Planish Finish — A bright smooth finish usually obtained by rubbing metals together. (18) Red Dip Finish — This term is not recommended. Use instead the term Bichromate Dipped Finish. (19) Satin Finish — See Scratch Brushed Finish. (20) Scratch Brushed Finish (Satin Finish) — The finish obtained by mechanically brushing the surface with wire bristle brushes or by buffing with greaseless compound. (21) Soda Dip Finish — This term is not recommended. Use instead the term Bichromate Dipped Finish. Finished Edges Smooth edges produced on flat wire, strip or bar by drawing or rolling with or without previous slitting. The edge contours most commonly used are Square Corners, Rounded Corners, Rounded Edges and Full Rounded Edges. See TOLERANCE Section, page 10 and Figure 14.  Square Rounded Rounded Full Rounded corners corners edge edge Figure 14 Finned Tube See Tube. Fire Refined Copper (Copper No. 125) See Copper. Fire Cracking See Heat Cracking. Fire-Off See Dip Solution. Flat Coil See Coil. Flatness The degree to which a surface of a flat product approaches a plane. Flat Product A product with rectangular or square solid section and relatively great length in proportion to thickness. (1) Drawn Flat Product — Flat product brought to final dimensions by drawing through a die, and furnished in flat straight lengths, on spools, or in rolls. The corners or edges may be square or of other contours. (2) Rolled Flat Product — Flat product brought to final thickness by rolling, and furnished in flat straight lengths, on spools, or in rolls. Longitudinal edges may be those resulting from final rolling to thickness or the product may be brought to final width by shearing, slitting, sawing, machining or rolling. The corners or edges may be square or of other contours. Flattening The mill operation performed on rolled flat products to reduce departure from flatness, such as curl and dish. See Straightening and Flattening. Flattening Test See Tests. Flat Wire A flat product up to and including .188 in. in thickness and up to and including 1 1/4 in. width with all surfaces rolled or drawn without previous slitting, shearing or sawing. It may be furnished in straight lengths or on spools, reels or bucks. See TERMINOLOGY Section,page 1, table 1, and TOLERANCE Section,pages 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Flow Lines Deformation of the crystal structure revealed on a polished and etched section of a hot or cold formed piece which discloses the manner in which the metal is made to fill and follow a die contour. Fluted Tube See Tube. Fluted Outside, Plain Inside Tube See Tube. Flux (1) In melting, a substance added to the melt to promote removal of foreign materials, and protect the surface. (2) In brazing or welding, a substance introduced to remove oxide and impurities. Foil A term often applied to a thin flat rolled section usually .005 in. or less in thickness. Fold See Lap. Forging See Hammer Forging or Hot Pressed Forging. Forging Brass (Copper Alloy No. 377) See Copper Alloy. Forging Range Temperature range within which the slug or blank cut from wrought material should be heated to give optimum forging conditions. Formed Shape Shape made from a flat product and brought to final dimensions by bending laterally by means of rolls or brakes. If the longitudinal gap is less than 25% of the outside diameter or greatest overall dimension, the product is classified as an Open Seam Tube. See Figure 15. 
Figure 15Fourdrinier Wire Wire used in making the Fourdrinier screens used in the manufacture of paper. Free-Cutting Brass (Copper Alloy No. 360) See Copper Alloy. Free-Cutting Muntz Metal (Copper Alloy No. 370) See Copper Alloy. Free-Cutting Phosphor Bronze (Copper Alloy No. 544) See Copper Alloy. Free Machining The quality of an alloy which enables it to be cut in automatic machines at relatively high speeds yielding a short brittle chip. Full Rounded Edges See Finished Edges. G Gage (1) Term sometimes used to designate thickness of flat products, wall thickness of tube or diameter of wire. (2) The instrument used to measure thickness or diameter. Gage Number A number in a specific series used to designate a dimension. There are several series of such gage numbers, of which the most familiar are the American Wire Gage or Brown & Sharpe and Birmingham or Stubs. Gassing (1) A phenomenon in metal caused by absorption of gas while molten and partial evolution as the metal cools, resulting in voids. (2) A condition in oxygen-bearing copper which has been heated to elevated temperatures in a highly reducing atmosphere. See Hydrogen Embrittlement. General Service Tube See Tube, Automotive and General Service Tube. Gilding, 95% (Copper Alloy No. 210) See Copper Alloy. Grain A solid polyhedral (or many sided) crystal consisting of groups of atoms bound together in a regular geometric pattern. In mill practice grains are usually studied only as they appear in one plane. Grain Boundary The line of demarcation between grains. Grain Growth The process by which individual grains coalesce to form larger and, therefore, fewer grains. This is usually brought about by annealing and results in the softening of the metal as well as changes in other properties. Grain Size The average diameter of grains, usually determined microscopically, on an etched plane surface of the metal. See ASTM E 112. |
|
|
