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S Satin Finish See Finish. Sawed Bar A bar brought to finished width by sawing. Sawed Edges The edges resulting when a product is brought to final width and length by sawing. The edges are parallel and at right angles to the rolled surface. Scale (1) A heavy oxide coating on copper and copper alloys resulting from exposure to high temperatures in an oxidizing atmosphere. (2) A product resulting from the corrosion of metals. Scale or Fire-Off Dip See Dip Solution. Scalping The process of removing by means of rotating cutters or cutter heads the surface layer from bars or rods to eliminate minor surface casting defects and oxide. See Overhauling, Die Scalping or Die Shaving. Scleroscope Test See Tests. Scratch Brushed Finish (Satin Finish) See Finish. Seam See Lap. Seamless Tube See Tube. Season Cracking Spontaneous failure of some metals by cracking under the combined action of corrosion and residual stresses. Season cracking can be prevented by relief annealing which removes entirely or reduces to a safe limit the residual stresses without affecting the temper and physical properties of the material. See also Corrosion, Stress Corrosion. Shafting See Rod. Shape A solid section other than rectangular, square or standard rod and wire sections, furnished in straight lengths. Shaving See Die Scalping or Die Shaving. Sheared Edges The edges resulting from press shearing to final width and length. These edges are straighter than slit edges. Sheet A flat rolled product up to and including .188 in. in thickness and over 20 in. in width. See TERMINOLOGY Section, page 1, table I; and TOLERANCE Section, pages 1,2,3,4,5. 11, 13 and 14. Shielded Arc Welding See Welding. Shim Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 260 and 268) See Copper Alloy. Silicon Bronzes (Copper Alloy Nos. 645 to 664 incI.) See Copper Alloy. Silver Bearing Copper (Copper Nos. 104, 105, 107, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 123, 127, 128, 129 and 130) See Copper. Silver Bearing Tough Pitch Copper (Copper Nos. 113, 114, 115 and 116) See Copper. Single Layer FIat Coil See Coil. Slab A casting in the form of a bar used for rolling into strip. Slit Edges The edges resulting from cutting to width by rotary slitters. Snaky This term is not recommended. Use instead the term Edgewise Curvature, Reversing. Soda Dip Finish See Finish. Soldering Joining metals by fusion of alloys that have relatively low melting points most commonly, lead-base or tin-base alloys, which are the soft solders. Hard solders are alloys that have silver, copper or nickel bases. Use of these alloys with melting points higher than 800 F, 427 C is properly called Brazing. Specific Lengths See Lengths. Specific Lengths with Ends See Lengths. Spelter Mill term for cast zinc. Spelter usually is produced in the form of flat slabs for remelting. Spill A defect which originates during casting and after rolling or drawing appears as a discontinuity either on the surface or as a faint streak which on distortion becomes open or blistered. Spinning Brass (Copper Alloy Nos. 260 and 268) See Copper Alloy. Spool A small reel. See Figure 21. See also Reel.  Spring Brass See Copper Alloy. Spring Bronze See Copper Alloy. Springing Redistribution of residual stress by mechanical means, as for instance, passing rods through certain types of straightening machines. Square Corners See Finished Edges. Square Sheared Metal See Resquared Metal. Stagger Wound Roll A multiple layer roll, wound as in spooling, but with strands not necessarily of fixed regularity. See Figure 22.  Stains (1) Acid Stain See Pickle Stain. (2) Air Stain Superficial, uniform light-to-dark brown discoloration or dulling of the initial luster due to atmospheric attack. (3) Oil Stain Localized brown or black discoloration on the surface of a product caused by incomplete removal or burning of lubricants. (4) Pickle Stain Stain resulting from insufficient pickling or inadequate rinsing. (5) Red Stain Pink or reddish surface discoloration usually resulting from volatilization of zinc during annealing or by a copper deposition during pickling. (6) Water Stain Localized light-to-dark and often iridescent residue with sharply outlined darker border left from evaporation of water acquired from mill processing, transit or storage. Standard Lengths See Lengths. Standard Pipe Sizes Series of tube diameters and wall thicknesses corresponding to the standard sizes in TOLERANCE Section page 35. These series are identified as SPS. Stock Lengths See Lengths. Stock Lengths with Ends See Lengths. Straightening Any process applied to tube, rod, bar or wire that eliminates any general or local curvature resulting from mill processing. (1) Hand Straightening The process of straightening by bending or twisting by hand with the aid of adjustable supports and suitable hand tools usually applied to shapes and to large diameter tubes. (2) Inclined Roll Straightening (Such as Medart) The process of straightening round rod or tube by passing the product through a machine with rolls having special contours and whose axes are at a slight angle so as to give the product a helical forward motion with repeated flexing in all planes through the axis. (3) Press Straightening The process of straightening bar and large size rod and tube by means of mechanically or hydraulically actuated presses. (4) Ring or Disc-Type Straightening (Such as Shumag) The process of straightening rod by rotating while feeding lengthwise through a series of rotating rings or discs which flex the rod in all planes through the axis. The equipment includes a cut-to-length device for use on rod which is straightened from coils. (5) Roll Straightening The process of straightening tube, rod and bar by passing lengthwise through a machine with suitable rolls so as to repeatedly flex the product in two planes at right angles. (6) Rotating Head Straightening The process of straightening rod initially produced in a coil, and which comprises the rotation of a series -of shaped dies pressed against the rod so as to repeatedly flex the rod in all planes through the axis as it is moved forward through the machine by means of feed rolls. This type of straightening machine usually has an automatic cut-to-length device. Straightening and Flattening Any process applied to flat rolled products to eliminate any general or local curvature, either with respect to flatness or edgewise curvature. (1) Roll Flattening The process of flattening a product by a machine with a number of small diameter cylindrical rolls so positioned as to repeatedly flex the product and thus remove certain irregularities in shape. Roll flattening practically eliminates longitudinal curl, burr and dish. It reduces edgewise curvature of narrow strip. This operation reduces buckles, but is relatively ineffective in eliminating wavy edges, ripples and twist. Roll flattening is ordinarily applied to a Flat Rolled Product within the approximate size range .010 to in. thick and in widths to about 48 in., and is particularly effective on annealed tempers, but is progressively less effective with increase in degree of rolled temper. (2) Stretcher Straightening, (Patent Levelling) Applicable to flat straight lengths A process which simultaneously flattens and straightens a product by longitudinally stretching it beyond its elastic limit. This process practically removes buckles, ripples, wavy edges, twist and edgewise curvature, is partially effective in removing longitudinal curl but is ineffective in removal of crown, dish and burr. It is commonly applied to flat rolled products within the approximate size range of 3 to 48 in. wide and .012 to .050 in. thick. It is particularly effective on all annealed tempers and on rolled tempers up to half hard. Stretcher Straightening See Straightening and Flattening. Stresses (1) Applied Stress Stresses that are set up and exist in a body during application of an external load. (2) Residual Stress Stresses that remain within a body as the result of plastic deformation, casting or rapid temperature change. Stress Corrosion See Corrosion. Strip A flat product, other than Flat Wire, up to and including .188 in. in thickness and generally furnished as follows: (1) With slit, sheared or slit and edge rolled edges in widths up to 20 in. inclusive. See TERMINOLOGY Section, page 1, table 1; and TOLERANCE Section, pages 1,2,3,4,5 and 11. (2) With finished drawn or rolled edges in widths over 11/4 in. to 12 in. incl. See TERMINOLOGY Section, page 1, table 1; and TOLERANCE Section, pages 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. |
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